Although there are several rose classification schemes presently used throughout the world, probably the most popular system is that which was proposed by The American Rose Society. Regardless of this, the majority of societies have adopted to this one.
Types of roses basically consist of three main groups of roses: The Species; Old Garden Roses; Modern Roses.
The Species
These roses are commonly referred to as "wild roses." They are easy to identify due to the fact that they usually have 5 petals, bloom once a season, and are often thorny shrubs or climbers. Very popular Species roses are, i.e. Cherokee Roses, Dog Roses, Gallic Roses, French Roses and Red leaf Roses. This group of roses flourish in temperate climates, and can be found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Old Garden Roses
Old Garden Roses only came to be identified in the late 1800's compared to Species roses which existed millions of years before humans inhabited the earth. Old Garden Roses mostly bloom once a season, usually at the start of summer. It is common for this group to grow in several shrub and vine sizes. Colors may vary, but this class is usually white or pastel in color. Because they are easy to grow, this group of "antique roses" are generally preferred for lawns and home gardening.
Some of the Old Garden Roses include: China, Tea, Moss, Damask, Bourbon, Hybrid and Perpetual roses. Many antique roses have a strong, sweet scent, which makes them very popular.
Modern Roses
Any rose identified after 1867, is considered a Modern Rose, thus Old Garden Roses are seen as the predecessors of Modern Roses. Very popular, This group is the result of crossbreeding the hybrid tea with the polyanthus, which is a variety of primrose. Most roses in this class will flower repeatedly (with the proper care, perhaps that is why horticulturists find this class so attractive.
Roses in this group are: hybrid tea, floribunda, and grandi-flora. Although Modern Roses are adored by florists and gardeners, they do require a little extra care, and prefer a warmer environment.
Did you know that after a rose has been classified into any one of the three main groups, it can further be classified by color, scent, date of introduction, growth habits and size. If you are starting out with your rose garden, don't worry too much about the classification - just start planting!